Scouting for Boys: A Handbook for Instruction in Good Citizenship

History

Scouting for Boys (1908) is Baden-Powell’s rewrite of his earlier military books Reconnaissance and Scouting (1884) and Aids to Scouting for NCOs and Men (1899). These books were military manuals used by the British Army to train scouts. At Mafeking, Baden-Powell recruited and trained boys aged 12-15 as postmen, messengers, and later to carry the wounded, to free men for fighting. Upon return to England, following the Boer War, Baden-Powell learned some British schools had been using his books to teach observation and deduction. He decided to revise his military publications into a book for boys. Several friends supported Baden-Powell, including Sir William Alexander Smith, founder of the Boys’ Brigade, and Cyril Arthur Pearson, who owned newspapers and printing presses.[1] In 1906 and 1907 Baden-Powell spent a lot of time writing Scouting for Boys and advancing his ideas about the Boy Scouts Scheme. These were tested in a camp on Brownsea Island in the summer of 1907, where Pearson’s literary editor Percy Everett assisted.

Scouting for Boys was published in six fortnightly instalments of approximately 70 pages each, from January to March 1908. They were produced by Pearson’s printer, Horace Cox. These six publications were a success, and as planned were issued in book form on 1 May 1908. Scouting for Boys has been translated into many languages. In 1948, the book was still selling 50 000 copies annually. Only in 1967 was a decline noted by the publisher, and in the last decades of the 20th century, even by the Scout movement, the book came to be seen as a period curiosity. It is claimed to be the fourth bestselling book of the 20th century. A realistic estimate is that approximately 4 million copies of the UK edition have been sold. Extrapolating this to 87 different language editions worldwide, historic world sales of Scouting for Boys can be estimated at 100 to 150 millions copies since 1908. Via Scout Info.

Assalamualaikum WBT. (1) Persekutuan Pengakap Malaysia Negeri Perlis akan menganjurkan Kursus Manikayu Peringkat 2 Tahun 2010 seperti butiran yang berikut:

Tarikh: 2 Jun 2010
Masa: 8.00 pagi - 5.00 petang
Tempat: Kem Pengakap Sungai Batu Pahat, Perlis

Kursus ini terbuka kepada semua yang layak termasuk Kelana dan Guru Pemimpin. Untuk maklumat lanjut, sila hubungi Amran Ali (013-4554941).

(2) Persekutuan Pengakap Malaysia Negeri Perlis akan mengadakan Mesyuarat Majlis Pesuruhjaya Persekutuan Pengakap Malaysia Negeri Perlis seperti butiran yang berikut:

Tarikh: 26 Mei 2010 (Rabu)
Masa: 3.30 Petang
Tempat: Pusat Sumber Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Kangar, Perlis
Pakaian: Uniform Pengakap

Oleh: Adam Roeslani Roslan (9W2YPR)

Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia (SKMM) pada 13 Ogos 2009 telah mengumumkan keputusan bagi ujian Radio Amatur (RAE) yang dijalankan di seluruh Malaysia pada 24 Jun 2009 yang lepas. Putra Rovers telah menghantar tiga orang calon bagi menduduki peperiksaan ini dan Alhamdulillah, ketiga-tiga mereka telah berjaya mendapat lulus. Untuk senarai penuh keputusan, sila rujuk laman web rasmi SKMM atau klik di sini.

Tahniah diucapkan kepada Amran Ali, Muhammad Hafiz Hakimi dan Mohd Ariff Din Anuar yang telah mendapat keputusan yang membanggakan ini. Selepas ini, ahli Putra Rovers yang mempunyai lesen untuk mengendalikan Radio Amatur akan bertambah kepada 5 orang berbanding 2 orang sebelum ini yang dimiliki oleh Shazri Mohd Azlan (9W2LPR) dan Adam Roeslani Roslan (9W2YPR). Sudah pasti, ketiga-tiga mereka ini akan memilih callsign yang berakhir dengan PR yang melambangkan Putra Rovers. Juga, kami akan bekerja untuk mendapatkan callsign untuk kelab, 9M4CSR jika tiada halangan.

Akhir kata, tahniah kepada mereka bertiga. Dan kepada yang berminat untuk memiliki callsign radio amatur anda, anda boleh menduduki peperiksaan RAE seterusnya pada hujung tahun ini. Saya akan meletakkan notis pemberitahuan di sini pada sedikit masa lagi. Salam 73.

Pada hari Ahad, 23 Mei 2009 Pengakap Kelana Putra telah berjaya mengadakan Mesyuarat Agung Tahunan ke-5 Tahun 2009 bertempat di Bilik Mesyuarat Majlis Belia Negara Negeri Perlis. Mesyuarat yang dihadiri oleh 12 orang ahli Putra Rovers dan dirasmikan oleh En. Azmi bin Abdullah selaku penasihat Putra Rovers.

Majlis dimulakan pada jam 2.30 petang yang dipengerusikan oleh Saudari Khalilah Khairi dan agenda dalam mensyuarat kali ini ialah untuk pembubaran ahli jawatankuasa tahun 2008 dan melantik beberapa barisan baru untuk tahun 2009. Ahli Putra Rovers sebulat suara bersetuju melantik semula Saudara Amran Ali sebagai Pengerusi Putra Rovers bagi tahun 2009 ini dan Timbalan Pengerusi masih dikekalkan kepada Saudara Ariff Din bin Anuar. Untuk senarai lengkap Carta Organisasi 2009, anda boleh merujuk ke Profil Putra Rovers melalui pautan di atas.

Mensyuarat ditangguhkan pada jam 4.30 petang oleh tuan pengerusi.

En. Azmi Abdullah bersama Amir Ali, mantan Pengerusi 2008

Amran Ali, Amir Ali, Saiful Azwan, Nur Azie dan Bib

Faris, Azie, Hafiz, Nu’man, Ariff, Adam, Amran, Khalilah dan Amir

Barisan AJK 2009 yang dilantik

Nu’man, Faris dan Ariff

Tarikh: 30hb Mei sehingga 4hb Jun 2009
Tempat: Kem Pengakap Tan Chay Yan Bukit Katil, Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah
Terbuka kepada: Pengakap REMAJA sahaja
Tarikh tutup permohonan: 27hb Mac 2009

Tema : ‘ KEAMANAN SEJAGAT ’
Yuran : Yuran Jambori sahaja sebanyak RM 80.00 seorang dibayar secara tunai semasa pendaftaran. Yuran ini meliputi aktiviti Jambori, pengangkutansemasa aktiviti lawatan dalam Melaka dan Kit Jambori (kemeja ‘T’, lencana Jambori, lencana aktiviti, sijil, buku panduan, tag)
Peserta : Peserta hendaklah berumur 13 hingga 17 tahun. Setiap 10 orang peserta hendaklah diiringi oleh seorang pemimpin dewasa. Penyertaan hendaklah melalui Kontinjen Negeri masing – masing.
Aktiviti : Pelbagai aktiviti disediakan antaranya ialah lawatan, halangan, indaba,kebudayaan , xpdc, permainan, khidmat masyarakat , radio amatur , aktiviti air & pelbagai lagi.

Sambutan 100 tahun Persekutuan Pengakap Malaysia telah berjaya dilangsungkan di Stadium Negara Jalan Hang Jebat, Kuala Lumpur. Sambutan ini dirasmikan oleh Timbalan Perdana Menteri Malaysia, YAB Dato’ Seri Muhyiddin Yassin merangkap Menteri Pelajaran Malaysia. Antara tetamu kehormat yang menyertai perhimpunan ini ialah Presiden Agung Kehormat Persekutuan Pengakap Malaysia, Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi; Menteri Belia dan Sukan, Datuk Ahmad Shabery Cheek dan Ketua Pengakap Negara, Datuk Seri Dr. Shafie Salleh.

Majlis yang bermula sekitar jam 10 pagi ini dimulakan dengan ucapan oleh Ketua Pengakap Negara, Y. Bhg. Dato’ Seri Dr. Hj. Shafie bin Hj. Mohd Salleh dan kemudiannya ucapan perasmian oleh YAB Timbalan Perdana Menteri Malaysia. Kemudian, Tun Haji Abdullah menyampaikan Pingat Penghargaan 100 Tahun Pengakap Malaysia kepada 100 individu yang telah berkhidmat dengan Pengakap sempena sambutan ulang tahun pertubuhan Pengakap.

Majlis turut diserikan dengan persembahan tarian dan kebudayaan oleh kontigen negeri Johor Darul Takzim. Kira -kira 5,000 pemimpin dan ahli pengakap dari seluruh negara serta wakil-wakil pengakap antarabangsa dari 15 negara hadir pada sambutan bersejarah itu. Kami dari Putra Rovers mewakili kontigen negeri Perlis mengucapkan Selamat Menyambut Ulangtahun ke-100 kepada Persekutuan Pengakap Malaysia.

Kontigen Perlis

Suasana di Stadium Negara

Saudara Amran Ali dan Saiful Azwan

Penganugerahan Pingat kepada Dato’ Seri Shahidan

Penyerahan Cenderahati oleh Kontigen Perlis

Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia (SKMM) akan mengadakan Peperiksaan Radio Amatur pada 24 Jun 2009. Individu yang berminat dan berumur 14 tahun ke atas pada hari peperiksaan adalah dipelawa untuk mendudukinya. Butiran lengkap peperiksaan adalah seperti berikut:

Tarikh: 24 Jun 2009
Masa: Jam 2:00 Petang
Tarikh Tutup Permohonan: 17 April 2009 Jam 5:00 Petang
Yuran: RM 50.00

Borang permohonan boleh diperolehi dari Ibu Pejabat SKMM, pejabat-pejabat wilayah SKMM dan melalui laman web SKMM di www.skmm.gov.my atau melalui cawangan SKMM di seluruh negara. Untuk maklumat lanjut berkaitan peperiksaan ini, sila rujuk pada hebahan di bawah.

• Notification: Radio Amateur Examinations (RAE 2009-1)
• Pemberitahuan: Peperiksaan Radio Amatur (RAE 2009-1)
• Radio Amateur Examinations (RAE 2009-1) Application Form

The Boy Scout movement swiftly established itself throughout the British Empire soon after the publication of Scouting for Boys. The first recognized overseas unit was chartered in Gibraltar in 1908, followed quickly by a unit in Malta. Canada became the first overseas dominion with a sanctioned Boy Scout program, followed by Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Chile was the first country outside the British dominions to have a recognized Scouting program. The first Scout rally, held in 1909 at The Crystal Palace in London, attracted 10,000 boys and a number of girls. By 1910, Argentina, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Malaya, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States had Boy Scouts.

The program initially focused on boys aged 11 to 18, but as the movement grew, the need became apparent for leader training and programs for younger boys, older boys, and girls. The first Cub Scout and Rover Scout programs were in place by the late 1910s. They operated independently until they obtained official recognition from their home country’s Scouting organization. In the United States, attempts at Cub programs began as early as 1911, but official recognition was not obtained until 1930.

Girls wanted to become part of the movement almost as soon as it began. Baden-Powell and his sister Agnes Baden-Powell introduced the Girl Guides in 1910, a parallel movement for girls, sometimes named Girl Scouts. Agnes Baden-Powell became the first president of the Girl Guides when it was formed in 1910, at the request of the girls who attended the Crystal Palace Rally. In 1914, she started Rosebuds—later renamed Brownies—for younger girls. She stepped down as president of the Girl Guides in 1920 in favor of Robert’s wife Olave Baden-Powell, who was named Chief Guide (for England) in 1918 and World Chief Guide in 1930. At that time, girls were expected to remain separate from boys because of societal standards, though co-educational youth groups did exist. By the 1990s, two thirds of the Scout organizations belonging to WOSM had become co-educational.

Baden-Powell could not single-handedly advise all groups who requested his assistance. Early Scoutmaster training camps were held in London in 1910 and in Yorkshire in 1911. Baden-Powell wanted the training to be as practical as possible to encourage other adults to take leadership roles, so the Wood Badge course was developed to recognize adult leadership training. The development of the training was delayed by World War I, so the first Wood Badge course was not held until 1919. Wood Badge is used by Boy Scout associations and combined Boy Scout and Girl Guide associations in many countries. Gilwell Park near London was purchased in 1919 on behalf of The Scout Association as an adult training site and Scouting campsite. Baden-Powell wrote a book, Aids to Scoutmastership, to help Scouting Leaders, and wrote other handbooks for the use of the new Scouting sections, such as Cub Scouts and Girl Guides. One of these was Rovering to Success, written for Rover Scouts in 1922. A wide range of leader training exists in 2007, from basic to program-specific, including the Wood Badge training.

Influences

Important elements of traditional Scouting have their origins in Baden-Powell’s experiences in education and military training. He was a 50-year-old retired army general when he founded Scouting, and his revolutionary ideas inspired thousands of young people, from all parts of society, to get involved in activities that most had never contemplated. Comparable organizations in the English-speaking world are the Boys’ Brigade and the non-militaristic Woodcraft Folk; however, they never matched the development and growth of Scouting.

Aspects of Scouting practice have been criticized as too militaristic. Military-style uniforms, badges of rank, flag ceremonies, and brass bands were commonly accepted in the early years because they were a part of normal society, but since then have diminished or been abandoned in both Scouting and society.

Local influences have also been a strong part of Scouting. By adopting and modifying local ideologies, Scouting has been able to find acceptance in a wide variety of cultures. In the United States, Scouting uses images drawn from the U.S. frontier experience. This includes not only its selection of animal badges for Cub Scouts, but the underlying assumption that American native peoples are more closely connected with nature and therefore have special wilderness survival skills which can be used as part of the training program. By contrast, British Scouting makes use of imagery drawn from the Indian subcontinent, because that region was a significant focus in the early years of Scouting. Baden-Powell’s personal experiences in India led him to adopt Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book as a major influence for the Cub Scouts; for example, the name used for the Cub Scout leader, Akela (whose name was also appropriated for the Webelos), is that of the leader of the wolf pack in the book.

The name “Scouting” seems to have been inspired by the important and romantic role played by military scouts performing reconnaissance in the wars of the time. In fact, Baden-Powell wrote his original military training book, Aids To Scouting, because he saw the need for the improved training of British military-enlisted scouts, particularly in initiative, self-reliance, and observational skills. The book’s popularity with young boys surprised him. As he adapted the book as Scouting for Boys, it seems natural that the movement adopted the names Scouting and Boy Scouts.

“Duty to God” is a principle of Scouting, though it is applied differently in various countries. The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) take a strong position, excluding atheists. The Scout Association in the United Kingdom requires adult leaders to implement the Association’s religious policy which, inter alia, encourages members to belong to some religious body. Scouts Canada defines Duty to God broadly in terms of “adherence to spiritual principles” and leaves it to the individual member or leader whether they can follow a Scout Promise that includes Duty to God.

As a military officer, Baden-Powell was stationed in British India and Africa in the 1880s and 1890s. Since his youth, he had been fond of woodcraft and military scouting, and—as part of their training—showed his men how to survive in the wilderness. He noticed that it helped the soldiers to develop independence rather than just blindly follow officers’ orders.[1]

In South Africa during the Second Boer War, Baden-Powell was besieged in the small town of Mafeking by a much larger Boer army (the Siege of Mafeking).[2] The Mafeking Cadet Corps was a group of youths that supported the troops by carrying messages, which freed the men for military duties and kept the boys occupied during the long siege. The Cadet Corps performed well, helping in the defense of the town (1899–1900), and were one of the many factors that inspired Baden-Powell to form the Scouting movement.[3][4][5] Each member received a badge that illustrated a combined compass point and spearhead. The badge’s logo was similar to the fleur-de-lis that Scouting later adopted as its international symbol.[6]

In the United Kingdom, the public followed Baden-Powell’s struggle to hold Mafeking through newspapers, and when the siege was broken, he had become a national hero. This rise to fame fueled the sales of a small instruction book he had written about military scouting, Aids to Scouting.[7]

On his return to England, he noticed that boys showed considerable interest in the book, which was used by teachers and youth organizations.[8] He was suggested by several to rewrite this book for boys, especially during an inspection of the Boys’ Brigade, a large youth movement drilled with military precision. Baden-Powell thought this would not be attractive and suggested that it could grow much larger when scouting would be used.[9] He studied other schemes, parts of which he used for Scouting.
A 2007 British fifty pence coin commemorating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Scout Movement

In July 1906, Ernest Thompson Seton sent Baden-Powell a copy of his book The Birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians. Seton, a British-born Canadian living in the United States, met Baden-Powell in October 1906, and they shared ideas about youth training programs.[10][11] In 1907 Baden-Powell wrote a draft called Boy Patrols. In the same year, to test his ideas, he gathered 21 boys of mixed social backgrounds (from boy’s schools in the London area and a section of boys from the Poole, Parkstone, Hamworthy, Bournemouth, and Winton Boys’ Brigade units) and held a week-long camp in August on Brownsea Island in Poole Harbour, Dorset, England.[12] His organizational method, now known as the Patrol System and a key part of Scouting training, allowed the boys to organize themselves into small groups with an elected patrol leader.[13]

In the autumn of 1907, Baden-Powell went on an extensive speaking tour arranged by his publisher, Arthur Pearson, to promote his forthcoming book, Scouting for Boys. He had not simply rewritten his Aids to Scouting, but left out the military aspects and transferred the techniques (mainly survival) to non-military heroes: backwoodsmen, explorers (and later on, sailors and airmen).[1] He also added innovative educational principles (the Scout method) by which he extended the attractive game to a personal mental education.[11]

Scouting for Boys first appeared in England in January 1908 as six fortnightly installments, and was published in England later in 1908 in book form. The book is now the fourth-bestselling title of all time,[14] and is now commonly considered the first version of the Boy Scout Handbook.[15]

At the time, Baden-Powell intended that the scheme would be used by established organizations, in particular the Boys’ Brigade, from the founder William A. Smith.[16] However, because of the popularity of his person and the adventurous outdoor game he wrote about, boys spontaneously formed Scout patrols and flooded Baden-Powell with requests for assistance. He encouraged them, and the Scouting movement developed momentum. As the movement grew, Sea Scout, Air Scout, and other specialized units were added to the program.[17][18]

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1. ^ ^{a b} Baden_Powell, Robert (1933). “Chapter X”. Lessons from the varsity of life. http://pinetreeweb.com/bp-vars.htm. Retrieved on 2007-02-04.
2. ^ “The Siege of Mafeking”. British Battles.com. http://www.britishbattles.com/great-boer-war/mafeking.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-11.
3. ^ “The Mafeking Cadets”. Scouting Milestones. btinternet.co.uk. http://www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk/cadets.htm. Retrieved on 2007-02-04.
4. ^ “The Mafeking Cadets”. The African Seeds of Scouting. Scout Web South Africa. http://www.scouting.org.za/seeds/cadets.html. Retrieved on 2007-02-04.
5. ^ Webster, Linden Bradfield. “Linden Bradfield Webster’s Reminiscences of the Siege of Mafeking”. . The South African Military Society (Military History Journal) 1 (7).
6. ^ “Scouting Milestones — The Evolution of The World Scout Badge”. http://www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk/fleur.htm. Retrieved on 2009-01-17.
7. ^ “Scouting Milestones — Aids to Scouting — Scouting for men”. http://www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk/aids.htm. Retrieved on 2009-01-17.
8. ^ “Robert Baden-Powell: Defender of Mafeking and Founder of the Boy Scouts and the Girl Guides”. Past Exhibition Archive. National Portrait Gallery. http://www.npg.org.uk/whatson/display/robert-baden-powell.php. Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
9. ^ Jeal, Tim (1989). Baden-Powell. Yale University Press. pp. 360–362, 371.
10. ^ “Ernest Thompson Seton and Woodcraft”. InFed. 2002. http://www.infed.org/thinkers/seton.htm. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
11. ^ ^{a b} “Robert Baden-Powell as an Educational Innovator”. InFed. 2002. http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-bp.htm. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
12. ^ Woolgar, Brian; La Riviere, Sheila (2002). Why Brownsea? The Beginnings of Scouting. Brownsea Island Scout and Guide Management Committee.
13. ^ Johnny Walker. “Scouting Milestones — Brownsea Island”. http://www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk/brownsea.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-07.
14. ^ “The birth of an idea”. The History of Scouting. The Scout Association. 2005. http://www.scoutbase.org.uk/library/history/. Retrieved on 2006-12-12.
15. ^ Baden-Powell, Robert (1998). “Baden-Powell, Scouting for Boys, 1908″. Pinetreeweb.com. http://www.pinetreeweb.com/bp-scouting-for-boys.htm. Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
16. ^ Peterson, Robert (Oct 2003). “Another youth organization, the Boys’ Brigade, was flourishing when the first official troops of the Boy Scouts of America appeared in 1910″. Scouting Magazine. Boy Scouts of America. http://www.scoutingmagazine.org/issues/0310/d-wwas.html. Retrieved on 2006-05-22.
17. ^ Masini, Roy (2007). “A Short History of Sea Scouting in the United Kingdom”. http://www.seascout.org/about/history-uk.html. Retrieved on 2009-01-17.
18. ^ Walker, Colin “Johnny” (June 2007). “The Early History of Air Scouting”. Scouting Milestones. http://www.scouting.milestones.btinternet.co.uk/airscouts.htm. Retrieved on 2009-01-17.